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The sun is prayed to by South Indians during the harvest festival.

There is another festival called Sambha-Dasami, which is celebrated in the state of Odisha for the surya. Practiced in different parts of India, the worship of the Sun has been described in the Rigveda. Hymns to the Sun can be found in the Vedas, the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism. This major festival is also celebrated in the northeast region of India, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and parts of Chhattisgarh. Makar Sankranti is a festival dedicated to sun worship in India and by the Hindu diaspora.Ĭhhath ( Hindi: छठ, also called Dala Chhath) is an ancient Hindu festival dedicated to Surya, the chief solar deity, unique to Bihar, Jharkhand and the Terai. The sun god is driven by a seven-horsed Chariot depicting the seven days of the week and the seven colours of rainbow which are seen due to the dispersion by Surya's rays. The charioteer of Surya is Aruna, who is also personified as the redness that accompanies the sunlight in dawn and dusk. The goddess is revered in Gujarat and Rajasthan. She is depicted in dual form, being both sunlight and shadow, personified. The sun god is said to be married to the goddess Sanjnya. The Mahabharata describes one of its warrior heroes, Karna, as being the son of the Pandava mother Kunti and Surya. The Ramayana has Rama as a direct descendant of the Surya, thus belonging to the Suryavamsha or the Solar dynasty. The attributes of all other Ādityas merged into that of Surya and the names of all other Ādityas became synonymous with, or epithets of, Surya. In later Hindu usage, all the Vedic Ādityas lost identity and metamorphosed into one composite deity, Surya, the Sun. The sun god in Hinduism is an ancient and revered deity.

The ritual of Surya Namaskaar, performed by Hindus, is an elaborate set of hand gestures and body movements, designed to greet and revere the Sun. The Adityas are a group of solar deities, from the Brahmana period numbering twelve. The Gayatri mantra, which is regarded as one of the most sacred of the Vedic hymns is dedicated to Savitr, one of the principal Ādityas. The Vishnu purana identifies the Discus chakra with the following: 'thoughts, like the chakra, flow faster than even the mightiest wind.' In hymn 7.99 of the Rigveda, Indra- Vishnu produces the sun, his discus a vestige of his solar creation, equivalent to the sun. In the Vedas, numerous hymns are dedicated to Mitra, Varuna, Savitr, etc. The Ādityas are one of the principal deities of the Vedic classical Hinduism belonging to the solar class. The month without a sankranti is said to be neuter and is said to be an extra month or the intercalary lunar month. In astronomy the lunar months with a solar sankranti are said to have an Aditya or purusha. Here the months refer to the lunar months. These are also called the 12 purushas, pertaining to the 12 lunar months of the year. The 12 Ādityás are basically the monthly suns, corresponding to the approximately 12 lunations in a solar year. Since they are twelve in number, they are referred as DvadashAdityas. The twelve Adityas are believed to represent the twelve months in the calendar and the twelve aspects of Sun. In present-day usage in Sanskrit, the term Aditya has been made singular in contrast to Vedic Adityas, and are being used synonymously with Surya, the Sun. In the form of Mitra-Varuna, the Adityas are true to the eternal Law and act as the exactors of debt. This class of deities has been seen as upholding the movables and immovable Dharma.Īdityas are beneficent gods who act as protectors of all beings, who are provident and guard the world of spirits and protect the world.

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The Aditya have been described in the Rig Veda as bright and pure as streams of water, free from all guile and falsehood, blameless, perfect. Sun worship Sculpture of the 12 asanas of one form of Surya Namaskar in Indira Gandhi Airport, Delhi (figures sculpted by Nikhil Bhandari) Characterisation In each month of the year a different Aditya is said to shine. The Mahabharata and the Puranas mention the sage Kashyapa as their father. The number increases to 12 in the Brahmanas. They appear in the Rig Veda, where there are 6–8 in number, all male. Generally, Adityas are twelve in number and consists of Vivasvan, Aryaman, Tvashta, Savitr, Bhaga, Dhata, Mitra, Varuna, Amsa, Pushan, Indra and Vishnu (in the form of Vamana). The name Aditya, in the singular, is taken to refer to the sun god Surya. In Hinduism, Adityas ( Sanskrit: आदित्य, romanized: Āditya, lit.'of Aditi', Sanskrit pronunciation: ), refers to the offspring of Aditi, the goddess representing the infinity.

An 11th–century sculpture of Surya with eleven other Adityas depicted at the top

For other uses, see Aditya (disambiguation).

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